Challenging the stereotypical portrayal of Sicilians as mobsters, social enterprises are steering visitors toward mafia-free hotels, restaurants and shops
By Elena Berton
LONDON, July 29 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - At the crossroads of the Mediterranean, Sicily has lured hordes of visitors in its 2,500-year history. Today, it is enticing ethical tourists who do not want to line the pockets of organised criminals.
Challenging the stereotypical portrayal of Sicilians as mobsters, social enterprises - businesses that aim to do good while making profits - are steering visitors toward mafia-free hotels, restaurants and shops.
In the last decade AddioPizzoTravel, the social enterprise offshoot of an anti-mafia grassroots movement, has been working with locals determined to shake up the status quo by declining to pay the "pizzo" - Sicilian slang for protection money.
According to a 2012 study, nearly three-quarters of Sicily's businesses do pay.
AddioPizzo also proposes tours geared toward discovering the island's natural and cultural treasures while learning about its history of civic resistance to the mafia, as well as the stories of activists and magistrates who paid with their lives.
"We wanted to promote the beauty of our landscapes and our gastronomy," Dario Riccobono, a founder of AddioPizzo told the Thomson Reuters Foundation, adding "without the stereotypes that are usually attached to Sicily."
"Also, the beauty of the people who had the courage to say no to the mafia."
Beyond ethical holidaymakers, such initiatives have attracted educators from Italy and elsewhere keen to raise awareness of the anti-mafia movement among their students.
It all began in 2004, when a group of young friends in Palermo, Sicily's capital, plastered their home town with stickers declaring: "An entire people that pays the pizzo is a people without dignity."
The pizzo is not just a cash payment, but an implacable mechanism that swallows up businesses and assimilates them into a far-reaching criminal network.
In exchange for lower payments, the mafia may impose hiring its associates or using suppliers connected with it, effectively gaining control of the business.
Those who refuse often receive death threats or become the victims of vandalism and arson. They can even face ostracism from the local community and lose their customers.
A survey by the Rocco Chinnici Foundation found that small businesses like shopkeepers and artisans on average pay up to 600 euros ($670) a month in protection money, which many owners view as an inevitable business expense.
For larger firms like supermarkets and construction companies, it can reach thousands of euros.
CLEAN ECONOMY
AddioPizzo's act of defiance led to the creation of a support network linking small businesses that refused to pay the pizzo, with local consumers willingly supporting a clean economy.
As word spread throughout the country and beyond, would-be visitors to Sicily began contacting the association for mafia-free travel advice, giving birth to AddioPizzoTravel in 2009.
Today the social enterprise works with a network of more than 1,000 businesses in and around Palermo, identifiable by distinctive window stickers proclaiming "I pay those who are not paying."
And far from attracting bullying extortionists, Riccobono said the bright orange badges act as a deterrent because any intimidation or threat would promptly draw police, and media, attention.
"We were amused when we heard the confessions of mobsters-turned-informants," he said.
"The mafia prefer to stay away because they know our members wouldn't hesitate to report them to the police. We are a minority, so we are just not worth the trouble."
As for the chances of ethical businesses giving in to threats, Riccobono said so far that hasn't been the case.
"In the last few years police investigations have retrieved mafia ledgers listing pizzo-paying businesses. But no one from AddioPizzo was in there."
WINE, PASTA AND FARM STAYS
The town of Corleone may have gained worldwide fame thanks to its connection to "The Godfather" book and film trilogy.
But anti-mafia association Libera prefers to focus on creating job opportunities for local unemployed people, who might otherwise become ensnared in the net of organised crime.
Its affiliate network of social enterprises cultivates organic crops on lands confiscated from the mafia, and has branched out into offering tours and farm stays.
Visitors can board at working farms, stock up on locally produced organic wine, pasta and preserves and take guided trips to stone villages perched atop the rugged hills in the Palermo hinterland.
"Such initiatives show that crime-free jobs make sense from an economical point of view," said Lillo Gangi, a Libera activist. "We need to give concrete opportunities if we want to make impactful changes."
"Otherwise, it's all too easy for an unemployed 18-year-old to end up earning 3000 euros a month as a drug dealer for the mafia," he added.
Still, anti-mafia activists acknowledge that there remains more work to do to spread the footprint of ethical tourism in Sicily, especially as most of the island's economy remains in the firm grip of organised crime.
According to a 2012 study by SOS Impresa, the anti-racket arm of Confesercenti, the Italian retailers association, around 70% of the 50,000 businesses based in Sicily pay the pizzo, primarily in provinces with large urban centres such as Palermo, Trapani, Catania and Messina.
"Even though Cosa Nostra and other mafia groups in Sicily are showing signs of crisis, today many business owners refuse to admit they are paying the pizzo," said Umberto Santino, a founder of the Giuseppe Impastato Sicilian Centre of Documentation, an anti-mafia association in Palermo.
"In any case, these avenues that have opened up represent a turning point."
($1 = 0.8917 euros) (Reporting by Elena Berton @ElenaBerton; Editing by Chris Michaud. Please credit the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers humanitarian news, women's and LGBT+ rights, human trafficking, property rights, and climate change. Visit http://news.trust.org)
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