Protecting half a million people from cholera in Haiti

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In the last few weeks Haiti has suffered a hurricane and an outbreak of cholera, while work continues to help people affected by the earthquake in January. Julie Schindall explains how Oxfam has provided clean water, latrines and hygiene education to 315,000 people in the capital. Relatives of Haitians suffering from cholera wait for news outside a local hospital in the Saint Marc. Photo: REUTERS/ St-Felix Evens, courtesy of Reuters Alertnet.org As Hurricane Tomas left Haiti behind, we all breathed a huge sigh of relief. Although the storm caused some damage, it wasn’t nearly as bad as expected.   However, our staff knew, after decades of working in cholera epidemics around the world, that we hadn’t actually escaped a disaster from the storm. As the floodwaters receded, the cholera outbreak that started in central Haiti in late October began its vicious spread. Since the Haiti earthquake in January, Oxfam has been providing clean water, latrines and hygiene education to 315,000 people in the capital city, Port-au-Prince. Three weeks ago, we launched an emergency cholera response for 100,000 people in central Haiti, where the outbreak began. Our staff of 700 are now working around the clock to protect nearly half a million people from cholera. But the fresh rainwater provided the perfect environment for millions of deadly bacteria to multiply. “Now we must act very quickly. This storm created the perfect conditions for cholera,” said Raphael Mutiku, Oxfam water and sanitation advisor. New cases of cholera From all over the country, reports from our colleagues flow in daily to our central office in Port-au-Prince. First thing in the morning, our cholera response manager in central Haiti reports they’ve distributed over 17,000 hygiene kits to nearly 50 villages. An hour later, we receive confirmation that we’ll build six latrines for a new cholera treatment centre in Petit Goave, a small coastal west of Port-au-Prince. Then an urgent call comes from Cap Haitien, the second largest city in Haiti and a northern port. We’ve been working with local authorities for years in Cap Haitien to build a water and sanitation infrastructure. They say they have hundreds of cases of people with cholera and are in desperate need of clean water and public health educators. Within 24 hours, we dispatch our third emergency team to assess the situation. The first two emergency teams are already swamped, running water and sanitation programs in central Haiti, and keeping hundreds of thousands of people safe in camps in Port-au-Prince. Educating against cholera At the same time that our engineers dig freshwater wells in central Haiti, and our public health specialists distribute soap and check water quality in Port-au-Prince, we know that the most important work we do is to educate people about the basic good hygiene practices that will keep them safe. Cholera is an unknown disease in Haiti, and people are scared. People in camps ask us questions like if they can get cholera from kissing, or from a voodoo curse. At Oxfam, we’ve dealt with this disease for decades, and on far larger scales, in places like Zimbabwe and Congo. We know that cholera is preventable and treatable. Stopping cholera isn’t so much about fancy medications or expensive machines. We can stop this disease with soap, chlorine and, most importantly, education. At the Cité Maxo camp in Port-au-Prince, the leader of the camp, Mr. Martin, assures us the residents are staying vigilant about handwashing and drinking chlorine-treated water. On this sunny, rocky hillside in the Delmas neighbourhood, Oxfam provides clean water, soap, latrines, showers and hygiene education for 5,000 camp residents. “We have plenty of clean water. We know what we have to do to stay safe. I’m not worried about cholera,” he assures us with a huge smile. He rests his hands contentedly on his belly. “I know cholera. I know what to do,” he says. With engaged and informed community leaders like Mr. Martin, we can stop the spread of cholera. The challenge now is to reach every last camp and village with clean water, sanitation facilities, and hygiene education. Oxfam’s response to the Haiti earthquake and cholera outbreak Donate to Oxfam’s emergency response to the Haiti cholera outbreak More from the Oxfam Press Office at http://www.oxfam.org.uk/news