Former Boko Haram captives, and their children born of rape, face persecution when they return home
By Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani
ABUJA, July 5 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Having been kidnapped by Boko Haram, held for almost a year, and raped by several militants, 28-year-old Aisha Umar could have been forgiven for believing her ordeal was over when she escaped and returned to her hometown in northeast Nigeria last year.
But the mother-of-four was forced to flee her home in the town of Gwoza a fortnight ago when a man threatened to murder her two-year-old boy Mohammed, the son of a Boko Haram fighter.
"He told me that if I didn't take the child away, he would buy petrol and set the boy on fire until he burned to ashes," Umar told the Thomson Reuters Foundation by phone from Madagali, 22 km (14 miles) away, where she now lives with her brother.
The man, who saw Boko Haram kill three of his children, was one of many people in Gwoza who made it clear to Umar that her son was not welcome in the community since their return home.
"People didn't want to play with the child ... they called him Boko Haram child," Umar said, adding that she received the most abuse from those who had lost relatives to Boko Haram.
Women who are former Boko Haram captives, and their children born out of rape, face mistrust and persecution when they return home, according to a report by peacebuilding group International Alert and the U.N. children's agency UNICEF.
Many people fear those held by the Islamist militant group have been radicalised and may recruit others when they return home, said the report, which was published earlier this year.
More than 2,000 women and girls have been abducted by Boko Haram since 2012, many of whom have been raped, trained to fight, or used as suicide bombers, according to the report.
Joint operations between Nigeria and neighbouring countries succeeded in driving Boko Haram from many of its strongholds last year but the Islamists have stepped up cross-border attacks and suicide bombings, many of them carried out by young girls.
"There is a belief that the blood of the father will always run in a child's veins and therefore that these children will eventually turn on their families and communities," said Rachel Harvey, chief of child protection for UNICEF in Nigeria.
"BOKO HARAM CHILD"
Umar was kidnapped in August 2014 by Boko Haram militants who shot her husband in the head before taking her into Sambisa Forest, a vast colonial-era game reserve where the militants hide in secluded camps to avoid the Nigerian military.
Umar believes the militant to whom she was married is the father of her two-year-old son. He was named Mohammed Yusuf after Boko Haram's founder, who died in police custody in 2009.
When she returned home to Gwoza last year and learned that her three children from her murdered husband had been taken in by a neighbour, the family were overjoyed to be reunited.
"But people started telling them that their brother was a Boko Haram child," she said, adding that the three children became increasingly reluctant to play with Mohammed.
"My oldest daughter told me: 'Mummy, please, take this child to his father and come back to us'."
Despite moving to Madagali in Adamawa state, Umar is facing fresh stigma as people become aware of her son's heritage.
Her relatives do not want to touch Mohammed while people point at her in public and keep their distance, Umar said.
Recalling how she secretly plotted her escape from Sambisa with dozens of other women, Umar talks of how she carefully strapped her toddler to her back as she fled to keep him safe.
Yet the abuse she has suffered since escaping Boko Haram has pushed her to breaking point.
"If I had someone to take this child away from me, I would welcome the idea."
(Reporting By Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani, Additional Reporting and Writing by Kieran Guilbert, Editing by Ros Russell; Please credit the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers humanitarian news, women's rights, trafficking, corruption and climate change. Visit news.trust.org)
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